Skip to main content

Posts

Showing posts from October, 2021

WHERE and ORDER BY clause

* WHERE clause is used as a filter on the table  to get a desired output. It is used to full fill a given condition.  Syntax : -  SELECT column_name  FROM table_name  WHERE search_condition ORDER BY expression; WHERE clause appears after the FROM clause but before the ORDER BY clause.  WHERE clause not only is used in SELECT statement but also in the UPDATE and DELETE clause. We use ORDER BY clause at the very end of the query. • Lets say we have the emp table: and we want the names of the employees who's salary is greater than 2000. • So we will write a query: As we can see, the data is now filtered out. Earlier there were 14 rows but now after using WHERE clause we have 6 rows.  We always use WHERE clause with comparison operators like:  Now lets see ORDER BY clause: • Say we have the same query viz " SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL>2000;" but now we want the data to be sorted in ascending order of sal column then we write-- SELECT  *  FROM  EMP  WHERE  S

Introduction to SQL

 Q.)  What is SQL ? Ans.) SQL(Structured Query Language) is a standardized language to communicate with the database.  With the help of it we can retrieve data from the database. SQL not only allows us to read the data but also allows us to write the data in the database.  Data in the database is stored in the form of tables. We can Select, Insert, Update, Delete, Create, Alter, Drop and can perform many more operations on the table. And these are called as SQL Statements. * SQL Statements are classified mainly into 4 categories :- 1) DML (Data Manipulation Language) 2) DDL (Data Definition Language) 3) DCL (Data Control Language) 4) TCL (Transaction Control Language) * Under DML we have :-(No Autocommit) 1. Select  2. Insert  3. Update  4. Delete  5. Merge    * Under DDL :-(Allows Autocommit) 1. Create 2. Alter  3. Drop  4. Truncate  5. Flashback * Under DCL :-(Allows Autocommit) 1. Grant  2. Revoke  * Under TCL :-(No Autocommit) 1. Commit 2. Rollback 3. Save point From above, we ca